Kinex™ Antibody Microarrays
The Kinex™ antibody microarray services provide a convenient and extremely cost-effective means for the discovery of productive research leads such as biomarkers and insights into signal transduction protein regulation. These services utilize antibody microarrays to track the differential binding of dye-labeled proteins in lysates prepared from cells and tissues. The results can yield useful insights into differences in protein expression, phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions, and define antibody reagents that can be used to follow up on these findings.
As with other antibody microarrays, non-denatured proteins are analyzed by the Kinex™ 800 Antibody Microarray. Consequently, there is increased opportunity for false positives and false negatives due to antibody cross-reactivity, protein-protein interaction, and blocked epitopes in protein complexes. From our internal studies with cells from different species, between 30 to 45% of the protein changes detected on the Kinex™ KAM-1.1 antibody microarray were reproduced by immunoblotting. Therefore, we highly recommend that any interesting Kinex™ results that clients may wish to follow up be first confirmed by Western blotting. Our cost-effective, custom Kinetworks™ KCPS 1.0 service permits up to 18 antibodies from our Kinex™ antibody microarrays to be used at a time for such validation studies. The Custom Kinetworks™ KCSS 1.0 service allows clients to choose any 3 target proteins (of different molecular weight) to be quantified in 8 different samples side-by-side on the same immunoblot. The availability of these Kinetworks™ analyses is an important distinguishing feature of our antibody microarray services as clients can have their research leads conveniently and inexpensively confirmed. Further information about the expression or phosphorylation of leads can also be obtained through query of our KiNET on-line databank with the results from over 6000 Kinetworks™ immunoblots.
The Kinex™ KAM-1.2 chip has typically 23 times the antibody coverage than a typical Kinetworks™ immunoblot analysis, it uses 5- to 10-times less cell/tissue lysate protein, and it yields duplicate measurements at 10- to 30-times less cost. Therefore, the antibody microarray is a particularly attractive initial route for taking a systems biology, proteomics approach to studying human diseases or experimental model systems.
As with other antibody microarrays, non-denatured proteins are analyzed by the Kinex™ 800 Antibody Microarray. Consequently, there is increased opportunity for false positives and false negatives due to antibody cross-reactivity, protein-protein interaction, and blocked epitopes in protein complexes. From our internal studies with cells from different species, between 30 to 45% of the protein changes detected on the Kinex™ KAM-1.1 antibody microarray were reproduced by immunoblotting. Therefore, we highly recommend that any interesting Kinex™ results that clients may wish to follow up be first confirmed by Western blotting. Our cost-effective, custom Kinetworks™ KCPS 1.0 service permits up to 18 antibodies from our Kinex™ antibody microarrays to be used at a time for such validation studies. The Custom Kinetworks™ KCSS 1.0 service allows clients to choose any 3 target proteins (of different molecular weight) to be quantified in 8 different samples side-by-side on the same immunoblot. The availability of these Kinetworks™ analyses is an important distinguishing feature of our antibody microarray services as clients can have their research leads conveniently and inexpensively confirmed. Further information about the expression or phosphorylation of leads can also be obtained through query of our KiNET on-line databank with the results from over 6000 Kinetworks™ immunoblots.
The Kinex™ KAM-1.2 chip has typically 23 times the antibody coverage than a typical Kinetworks™ immunoblot analysis, it uses 5- to 10-times less cell/tissue lysate protein, and it yields duplicate measurements at 10- to 30-times less cost. Therefore, the antibody microarray is a particularly attractive initial route for taking a systems biology, proteomics approach to studying human diseases or experimental model systems.
Our current full Kinex™ Service uses the KAM-1.2 chip with two samples analyzed in duplicate with about 800 antibodies.
The 500 pan-specific antibodies used in the chip provide for the detection of 193 unique protein kinases, 24 protein phosphatases and 150 regulatory subunits of these enzymes and other cell signalling proteins that regulate cell proliferation, stress and apoptosis. This provides information about the expression levels of these target proteins. The 300 phospho-site-specific antibodies track the phosphorylation of 121 sites in protein kinases, 2 sites in protein phosphatases and 125 sites in other cell signalling proteins. In some cases, multiple antibodies from different commercial vendors have been used to monitor the expression or phosphorylation of the same target proteins. We also offer the option of partial analyses with the Kinex™ 800 microarray with either 500 pan-specific or 300 phospho-site-specific antibodies at a discounted price.
With our Kinex™ antibody microarray services, both cell/tissue lysate samples are labeled with the same dye and analyzed separately on the same Kinex™ microarray chip. This approach avoids the misleading results that can arise from the differential binding of different dyes to proteins that is problematic with the two dye competitive system used with other commercial antibody microarrays and the DIGE 2D gel electrophoresis approach.
Our Kinex™ services provides researchers with access to antibody microarray technology for application to their research programs without the need for special expertise and expensive equipment such as microarray scanners and quantification software. Our goal is to keep the costs for our Kinex™ services lower than if clients purchased the microarrays and tried to perform the analyses in their own laboratory. A client can just send his/her cell/tissue lysates frozen with dry ice by courier to Kinexus. We perform the dye-labelling of the extracts, the incubations with the antibody microarrays, scanning and quantitation of the antibody spots, and the preparation and delivery of a summary report back to client within 4 weeks.
The 500 pan-specific antibodies used in the chip provide for the detection of 193 unique protein kinases, 24 protein phosphatases and 150 regulatory subunits of these enzymes and other cell signalling proteins that regulate cell proliferation, stress and apoptosis. This provides information about the expression levels of these target proteins. The 300 phospho-site-specific antibodies track the phosphorylation of 121 sites in protein kinases, 2 sites in protein phosphatases and 125 sites in other cell signalling proteins. In some cases, multiple antibodies from different commercial vendors have been used to monitor the expression or phosphorylation of the same target proteins. We also offer the option of partial analyses with the Kinex™ 800 microarray with either 500 pan-specific or 300 phospho-site-specific antibodies at a discounted price.
With our Kinex™ antibody microarray services, both cell/tissue lysate samples are labeled with the same dye and analyzed separately on the same Kinex™ microarray chip. This approach avoids the misleading results that can arise from the differential binding of different dyes to proteins that is problematic with the two dye competitive system used with other commercial antibody microarrays and the DIGE 2D gel electrophoresis approach.
Our Kinex™ services provides researchers with access to antibody microarray technology for application to their research programs without the need for special expertise and expensive equipment such as microarray scanners and quantification software. Our goal is to keep the costs for our Kinex™ services lower than if clients purchased the microarrays and tried to perform the analyses in their own laboratory. A client can just send his/her cell/tissue lysates frozen with dry ice by courier to Kinexus. We perform the dye-labelling of the extracts, the incubations with the antibody microarrays, scanning and quantitation of the antibody spots, and the preparation and delivery of a summary report back to client within 4 weeks.
Download Kinex™ Antibody Microarray Services Fillable Forms in .doc format.
